Heloderma suspectum
The Gila Monster is the only venomous lizard in Southern Nevada and is one of only two known venomous lizard species in the world. Incidences of Gila Monsters biting humans are extremely rare. However, a bite by a Gila Monster is serious. In small animals the venom causes death by respiratory paralysis. The Gila Monster does not have fangs, but instead channels venom through grooves in its razor sharp teeth. Fortunately, the Gila Monster is easily recognized and contact with them can be avoided. At 18 inches long, it is the largest lizard in the continental U.S. About 1/3 of its length is made up of the tail, which is usually swollen with fat deposits. In addition to having a fat tail, the lizard itself is quite heavy-bodied and has a large “blocky” head. Its color can only be described as spectacular, being made up of a network of jet-black and pink or yellow scales which have the appearance of beads. From one to eight young “monsters” are hatched from a single clutch of eggs each year. Habitat: The Gila Monster can be found throughout the recreation area, but it is most often found on lower mountain slopes, in washes, and in canyon bottoms. This is one of the most rarely seen local reptiles, in part because it spends much of its time underground. Diet: In spite of its powerful venom, the Gila Monster does not attempt to subdue large active prey. It preys primarily on the eggs and young of ground nesting birds, as well as on reptile eggs and the young of rodents. Adaptations: Its activity pattern is well adapted to the desert. It spends up to 98% of its time underground where conditions of lower temperature and higher humidity are more constant. The Gila Monster is active on the surface in the very early morning and late evening during the spring and fall. Occasionally, it will venture out during light, steady rainfall. Otherwise, it is nocturnal. By storing fat in its tail during times when prey is plentiful, it can more easily survive leaner times.
Note: The Gila Monster is rarely seen because of its secretive nature. It has dangerously toxic venom. It is non-aggressive, rarely biting anyone. It is protected by state law in all states where it occurs.
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